CBRE Group, Inc. (CBRE)

Market price: $123.70

5 valuation methods

What today’s price implies

This model grows free cash flow at the company's own recent rate of 11.2% a year for 3 years, then eases it down over the next 7 years to 2.5% — the rate a mature economy grows at, which is the standard ceiling for a perpetuity. For this DCF to equal today's price instead, free cash flow would have to grow 18.2% a year over that first 3-year period. That is the market's assumption, not ours.

How each method works

P / B: $51.95 to $90.67 (midpoint $71.89)

Values the stock at a peer multiple of its book (net asset) value — most meaningful for asset-heavy and financial companies whose balance sheet drives value.

How it’s calculated
We take book value per share (total assets minus total liabilities, from the latest balance sheet, divided by shares outstanding) and multiply it by the range of price-to-book multiples the peer group trades at.
Why it fits this industry
Property companies are valued on what their assets are worth; price-to-book asks how the market prices the portfolio relative to its carrying value.
Reading this bar
The bar is the per-share value range this method implies: a conservative low, a central estimate, and an optimistic high. If the current price sits below the bar, the market is pricing the shares below what this method's inputs suggest; if it sits above, the market is pricing them higher. No single bar is a verdict — methods disagree for good reasons, so read the whole field together. Asset-light companies (brands, software) legitimately trade far above book value, so for them a P/B bar well below the price is usually structure, not signal.

P / B = (1.73/2.39/3.01)× book_value_per_share 30.09 ≈ 51.95/71.89/90.67 (per_share)

Price / FFO: $83.72 to $140.91 (midpoint $108.63)

Values a REIT at a peer multiple of funds from operations (FFO) — the real-estate cash-flow measure that adds back property depreciation, the sector-standard earnings proxy.

How it’s calculated
We compute funds from operations (FFO) — net income with the large non-cash property depreciation charge added back — per share, and apply the range of price-to-FFO multiples comparable REITs trade at.
Why it fits this industry
Accounting depreciation writes buildings down on a schedule even when the properties hold or gain value, so plain earnings understate a REIT's cash generation; FFO is the real-estate sector's standard earnings measure.
Reading this bar
The bar is the per-share value range this method implies: a conservative low, a central estimate, and an optimistic high. If the current price sits below the bar, the market is pricing the shares below what this method's inputs suggest; if it sits above, the market is pricing them higher. No single bar is a verdict — methods disagree for good reasons, so read the whole field together. Our FFO uses reported depreciation add-backs; any adjustments we could not make from the filings are noted on the bar.

Price / FFO = (10.80/14.01/18.18)× ffo_per_share 7.75 ≈ 83.72/108.63/140.91 (per_share)

DCF (FCFF): $96.90 to $177.46 (midpoint $127.92)

Discounts the company's projected free cash flows back to today at its cost of capital — an intrinsic value built from the company's own reported figures rather than peer multiples or analyst forecasts, with capital spending charged at its three-year average share of revenue.

How it’s calculated
We project the company's free cash flow — operating profit after tax, plus depreciation, minus investment in equipment and working capital — forward over ten years in three stages: three years at the growth it has actually achieved over its last five financial years, a seven-year glide down towards a long-run rate, and that rate for ever after. Each year is discounted back to today at the company's weighted cost of capital. The low and high ends discount at slightly higher and lower rates. Capital spending is charged at its average share of revenue over the last three financial years, not at the latest year alone, and the figures panel shows those three years so the assumption is visible. Beyond the projection, where growth has settled to the long-run rate, investment is sized to that rate and to the return the company earns on capital rather than carried over from the years it was still expanding — a company growing 2.5% for ever does not keep spending like one growing at its current pace.
Why it fits this industry
This is the one bar built entirely from the company's own fundamentals — no peer comparison at all — so it anchors the field with an intrinsic, assumptions-driven estimate. It also uses only what the company has already reported: no analyst forecasts go into it, which is why it can differ sharply from published estimates built on projected earnings.
Reading this bar
The bar is the per-share value range this method implies: a conservative low, a central estimate, and an optimistic high. If the current price sits below the bar, the market is pricing the shares below what this method's inputs suggest; if it sits above, the market is pricing them higher. No single bar is a verdict — methods disagree for good reasons, so read the whole field together. DCF is sensitive to its assumptions: small changes in growth or discount rate move the answer a lot, which is what the wide low-high spread reflects. The largest single assumption is capital spending. A company whose spending has risen steeply — building factories, data centres or networks — is charged that heavier spending across the ten projected years, while the revenue it is meant to produce is not assumed, only what the company has already grown. That combination places this bar below the market price for many companies in a heavy investment phase, and the three years in the figures panel show how far the company's spending has moved.
What it assumes about the future
This model grows free cash flow at the company's own recent rate of 11.2% a year for 3 years, then eases it down over the next 7 years to 2.5% — the rate a mature economy grows at, which is the standard ceiling for a perpetuity. For this DCF to equal today's price instead, free cash flow would have to grow 18.2% a year over that first 3-year period. That is the market's assumption, not ours.

DCF (FCFF): base FCFF 832,445,263.76 grown at 11.20% a year for 3y, then eased to 2.50% over 7y and held there, discounted at WACC 6.90%±1.00% => EV 34,873,864,216/43,812,697,498/58,091,145,628 [capex 3-yr average margin 0.90% (FY2023 1.00%, FY2024 0.90%, FY2025 0.90%) x revenue 45,007,000,000 = 407,398,707.87]; enterprise_value -> per share: equity (27,926,864,216.09/36,865,697,498.24/51,144,145,628.11) / 288,196,254 shares [EV bridge: minus net debt 6,142,000,000, minus minority interest & preferred 805,000,000]

P / E: $98.61 to $171.34 (midpoint $135.11)

Values the stock at a peer multiple of its earnings per share — the most familiar gauge for steadily profitable companies.

How it’s calculated
We take the company's net earnings per share over the last twelve months and multiply them by the range of price-to-earnings (P/E) multiples its peers trade at.
Why it fits this industry
For steadily profitable companies, earnings are the bottom line an owner is entitled to — P/E is the most familiar way to ask what the market pays for a dollar of profit.
Reading this bar
The bar is the per-share value range this method implies: a conservative low, a central estimate, and an optimistic high. If the current price sits below the bar, the market is pricing the shares below what this method's inputs suggest; if it sits above, the market is pricing them higher. No single bar is a verdict — methods disagree for good reasons, so read the whole field together. One unusually strong or weak year can swing a P/E — the inputs panel shows the earnings the bar is built on.

P / E = (20.58/28.20/35.76)× eps 4.79 ≈ 98.61/135.11/171.34 (per_share)

EV / EBITDA: $110.07 to $174.47 (midpoint $143.28)

Values the whole business at a peer multiple of its cash operating earnings (EBITDA) — the workhorse comparison for capital-intensive, profitable companies.

How it’s calculated
We take the company's cash operating earnings over the last twelve months (EBITDA — earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and multiply them by the range of EV/EBITDA multiples comparable companies currently trade at. That gives a value for the whole business (enterprise value); we then subtract net debt and anything owed ahead of common shareholders — minority interests in subsidiaries and preferred stock — and divide by shares outstanding to get a per-share range.
Why it fits this industry
REITs carry large, lumpy depreciation on buildings that often hold their value, so cash operating earnings (EBITDA) compare property businesses more fairly than accounting profit.
Reading this bar
The bar is the per-share value range this method implies: a conservative low, a central estimate, and an optimistic high. If the current price sits below the bar, the market is pricing the shares below what this method's inputs suggest; if it sits above, the market is pricing them higher. No single bar is a verdict — methods disagree for good reasons, so read the whole field together. A company can also deserve a multiple above or below its peers — faster growth, stronger margins, or higher risk all justify honest gaps.

EV / EBITDA = (13.28/16.57/19.65)× ebitda 2,912,000,000 ≈ 38,669,938,777.24/48,239,396,499.17/57,228,535,922.92 (enterprise_value); enterprise_value -> per share: equity (31,722,938,777.24/41,292,396,499.17/50,281,535,922.92) / 288,196,254 shares [EV bridge: minus net debt 6,142,000,000, minus minority interest & preferred 805,000,000]

2 methods not shown